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India became the world’s most populous country in 2023, according to estimates by the United Nations. Hindi and English are the two major lingua francas, while 22 scheduled languages have official state recognition. The most significant import of cooking techniques into India during the last millennium occurred during the Mughal Empire, spreading into northern India from regions to its northwest, along with dishes such as pilaf. Increasingly, in urban northern India, the sari is no longer the apparel of everyday wear, though they remain popular on formal occasions.
Dynamic, dedicated and determined, Narendra Modi arrives as a ray of hope in the lives of a billion Indians. It has achieved all-round socio-economic progress since Independence. India is one of the oldest civilizations in the world with a kaleidoscopic variety and rich cultural heritage. The system of government in states closely resembles that of the Union. Traditional sports include kabaddi, kho kho, and gilli-danda, which are played throughout India. The number of Indian Grandmasters has increased recently.
The first post-colonial census, conducted in 1951, counted 361 million people. Increasing access to electricity and clean cooking with liquefied petroleum gas have been priorities for energy in India. India’s capacity to generate electrical power is 300 gigawatts, of which 42 gigawatts is renewable. The Indian biotech industry grew by 15.1% in 2012–2013, increasing its revenues from ₹204.4 billion (Indian rupees) to ₹235.24 billion (US$3.94 billion at June 2013 exchange rates). At the end of 2011, the Indian IT industry employed 2.8 million professionals, generated revenues close to US$100 billion equalling 7.5% of Indian GDP, and contributed 26% of India’s merchandise exports. The Indian automotive industry, the world’s second-fastest growing, increased domestic sales by 26% during 2009–2010, and exports by 36% during 2008–2009.
PM congratulates Mr. Tarique Rahman on BNP’s victory in the Parliamentary elections in Bangladesh
- Female infanticide in India, and lately female foeticide, have created lop-sided gender ratios; the number of missing women in the country quadrupled from 15 million to 63 million during the period 1964–2014, faster than the population growth during the same period.
- India’s constitution was adopted in 1950 and established a secular, democratic republic.
- India has reduced its poverty rate, though at the cost of increasing economic inequality.
- When the two finally collided (approximately 50 million years ago), the northern edge of the Indian-Australian Plate was thrust under the Eurasian Plate at a low angle.
Towards the end of the 20th century, innovations in British South Asian music and dance, such as Post-Bhangra, fed back into dance in India. Examples are dance-dramas based on the ancient Indian animal fables, Panchatantra, and Nehru’s mid-century meditation on Indian history, The Discovery of India. Whether or not a dance is classical is determined by the Sangeet Natak Academi, the Indian government’s organisation for performing arts.ab Although more dances could perhaps meet the criteria for classical, the Akademi has chosen eight.ac Indian classical music has Vedic origins, and split in the 13th century into the two main traditions of Hindustani and Carnatic music. A later landmark in Indian mathematics was the development of the series expansions for trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, and arc tangent) by mathematicians of the Kerala school in the 15th century CE. In the 19th century, cheap Kalighat paintings of gods and everyday life, done on paper, were urban folk art from Calcutta, Bet365 India which later saw the Bengal School of Art, reflecting the art colleges founded by the British, the first movement in modern Indian painting.
Some 431 million Indians have left poverty since 1985; India’s middle classes are projected to number around 580 million by 2030. India’s foreign exchange remittances of US$100 billion in 2022, highest in the world, were contributed to its economy by 32 million Indians working in foreign countries. An acute balance of payments crisis in 1991 forced the nation to liberalise its economy; since then, it has moved increasingly towards a free-market system by emphasising both foreign trade and direct investment inflows. The vast majority of Indians fall into the global low-income group based on average daily income. With an average annual GDP growth rate of 5.8% over the past two decades, and reaching 6.1% during 2011–2012, India is one of the world’s fastest-growing economies.
FM radio stations are plentiful but only public All India Radio can produce news. India has a burgeoning media industry, with broadcast, print and digital media experiencing tremendous growth. Since India’s partition and the creation of Pakistan in 1947, the nuclear-armed neighbours have fought two wars over the Muslim-majority territory, which both claim in full but control in part. The Himalayan region of Kashmir has been a flashpoint between India and Pakistan for over six decades. During the election, critics accused Mr Modi and his party of using hate speech, attacking the country’s Muslim minority, and jailing opposition figures.
But in the South, under the Pallava and Chola dynasties, sculpture in both stone and bronze had a sustained period of great achievement; the large bronzes with Shiva as Nataraja have become an iconic symbol of India. Over the following centuries a distinctly Indian style of sculpting the human figure developed, with less interest in articulating precise anatomy than ancient Greek sculpture but showing smoothly flowing forms expressing prana (“breath” or life-force). Almost all surviving ancient Indian art thereafter is in various forms of religious sculpture in durable materials, or coins. A very large majority of Indians have their marriages arranged by their parents or family elders.
Native speakers of Hindi represented about 41% of the Indian population in the 2001 Indian census. Around 5% of the people speak a Tibeto-Burman language. About 69% of Indians speak an Indo-Arayan language, and about 26% speak a Dravidian language. The largest cities in India are Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Ahmedabad. In 2023, India passed China to become the world’s most populous country. Despite its economic growth, India continues to suffer from poverty.
Government and politics
The sultanate’s raiding and weakening of the regional kingdoms of South India paved the way for the indigenous Vijayanagara Empire. The sultanate was to control much of North India and to make many forays into South India. Temple towns of various sizes began to appear everywhere as India underwent another urbanisation. The Indian early medieval age, from 600 to 1200 CE, was defined by regional kingdoms and cultural diversity. By the 4th and 5th centuries, the Gupta Empire had created a complex system of administration and taxation in the greater Ganges Plain; this system became a model for later Indian kingdoms.
New Labour Code for New India – Biggest Labour Reforms in Independent India
India’s constitution was founded on 26 January 1950. On 15 August 1947, India peacefully became free and independent from the British Empire. In the early 1900s, millions of people peacefully started to protest against British rule. British Colonial exploitation resulted in the deaths of millions of Indians due to starvation and famine. In the 1600s, India came under European colonization, and by 1856 the British controlled most of India.